بررسی طیف فلورستیک، اتنوفارماکولوژی، اکوفیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاهان پرمصرف سنتی در درمان دیابت - روستای کوهستانی چهارباغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

3 دانشیار و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی گرگان- مدیر مسول مجله اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

4 پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری، پژوهشکده حفاظت و مرمت آثار تاریخی‌فرهنگی، گروه پژوهشی شناخت مواد و فناوری، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر در مراتع چهارباغ استان گلستان به‌منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی گیاهان دارویی ضد‌دیابت صورت گرفت. تعداد نه گیاه دارویی ضد دیابت نعنا گربه‌ای Nepeta pungens L.، گل راعی Hypericum perforatum، ارس Juniperus communis L. ، گندواش Artemisia annua L. ، بابونه گاوی Tanacetum parthenium، گزنهUrtica dioica L. ، کاسنی Cichorium intybus L. ، سسCuscuta reflexa L. و برازمبلPerovskia abrotanoides Karel. انتخاب شدند. در اواخر خردادماه سال 95 در زمان گلدهی کامل اقدام به برداشت از اندام‌های هوایی و زمینی نمونه‌های گیاهی گردید. استخراج عصاره متانولی انجام شد و میزان فنل و فلاوونوئید کل عصاره به روش اسپکتروفتومتری و میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی با استفاده از روش DPPH اندازه‌گیری شدند. همچنین آنالیز تطبیق قوس گیر DCA به‌منظور بررسی ارتباط گیاهان دارویی ضد دیابت منتخب با کمیت برخی مواد موثره دارویی در آن ها انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان فنل کل در سرشاخه گل دار علف چای، ریشه نعنا گربه ای معطر و ریشه بابونه گاوی به ترتیب با مقدار 64/259، 246/231 و 47/223 میلی گرم معادل گالیک اسید در وزن خشک گیاه بودند. برگ گندواش، سرشاخه گل‌دار نعنا‌گربه‌ای‌معطر و ریشه گزنه به-ترتیب بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید کل با مقدار 37/253، 89/237 و 43/216 میلی‌گرم کوئرسیتین در یک گرم عصاره را دارا بودند. بهترین عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی در مهار رادیکال های آزاد متعلق به میوه ارس، اندام هوایی سس و سرشاخه گل‌دار برازمبل به میزان 93/93، 58/81 و 24/72 بود. آنالیز رج بندی نیز نتایج فوق را تایید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Abheri, D.S., Gosh, A.K. and Mallick, A.R. 2010. Free radicals and their role in different clinical conditions: an overview. International Journal of Pharmacology Science Research, 3: 185-192.
  2. Akinmoladun, A.C., Ibukun, E. O., Afore, E., Obuotor, M. and farombi, O. 2007. Phytochemical constituent andantioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Science Research Essay, 2: 163-166.
  3. Al-Sultany, F. H., Al-Hussaini, I.M. and Al- Saadi, A.H. 2019. Studying hypoglycemic activity of Cuscuta chinesis Lam.on type 1 diabetes mellitus in white male rats. : Journal of Physics, 1294 (2019) 062020, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1294/6/062020.
  4. Altıparmak, M. and Eskitaşçıoğlu, T. 2018. Comparison of systemic and topical Hypericum Perforatum on diabetic surgical wounds. Journal of Invest Surg, 31(1):29-37. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1272654.
  5. Amini, S., Nohooji, M.G., Khani, M., Labbafi, M.R. and Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F. 2019. Biological activity of some essential oil constituents in four Nepeta L. species against Sitophilus oryzae L. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20: 338-343.
  6. Arokiyaraj, S., Balamurugan, R. and Augustian, P. 2011. Antihyperglycemic effect of Hypericum perforatum ethyl acetate extract on streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1 (5): 386-390.
  7. Asaadi, M. 1990-2010 .Flora Iran. Publications of Forests and Rangelands Research Institute. Tehran, Iran.
  8. Asgari, S., Emami, S.A., Shams, M.R., Naderi, Gh., Aslani, S., Kasher, T. and Airin, A. 2007. Antioxidant effects of the essential oils from the fruits and twigs of Juniperus excelsa subsp.excelsa on several oxidative systems. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23 (1): 59-72.
  9. Asgary, S., Naderi, G. A., Sahebkar, A., Ardekani, M. R. S., Kasher, T., Aslani, S. and Emami, S. A. 2013. Essential oils from the fruits and leaves of Juniperus sabina possess inhibitory activity against protein glycation and oxidative stress: An in vitro phytochemical investigation. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 25(1): 70–77.
  10. Bais, S., Gill, N. S. and Kumar, N. 2015. Neuroprotective effect of Juniperus communis on chlorpromazine induced parkinson disease in animal model. Chinese Journal of Biology, 2015: 1–7.
  11. Banerjee, S., Singh, H. and Chatterjee, T. K. 2013. Evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of methanolic extract of Juniperus Communis (L.) in streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4 (3): 10–17.
  12. Bathaie, S.Z., Mokarizade, N. and Shirali, S. 2012. An overview of the mechanisms of plant ingredients in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Medicinal plants, 4 (44): 1-24.
  13. Behzadi, A., Kalalian-Moghaddam, H. and Ahmadi, A.H. 2016. Effects of Urtica dioica supplementation on blood lipids, hepatic enzymes and nitric oxide levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a double blind, randomized clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed, 6 (6): 686-695.
  14. Cain, C.T.  and Tarrahi, M.J. 2019. The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 34 (2): 282-294.
  15. Chen, K. and Hua, H. 2020. Artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin promote β-cell apoptosis induced by palmitate via enhancing ER stress. Apoptosis, 25: 192-204.
  16. Cho, N.H., Shaw, J.E. and Karuranga, S. 2018. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 138:271–281.
  17. Fakhraie, S.H., Jouyandeh, Z., Mehri, A., Larijani, B. and Ranjbar, Sh. 2013. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of nettle in the treatment of diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 12 (6): 507-523.
  18. Farsak, M., Özdağlı, G., Özmüş, D., Comelekoglu, U., Yalın, S., Bozdoğan Arpacı, R., Gen, R., Kanık, A. and Ümit Talas, D. 2017. Effects of Hypericum perforatum on an experimentally induced diabetic Wound in a Rat Model.Wounds, 29 (2): E10–E17 
  19. Ferreira, J.F.S., Luthria, D., Sasaki, T. and Heyerick, A. 2010. Flavonoids from Artemisia annua L. as antioxidants and their potential synergism with artemisinin against Malaria and Cancer. Molecules journal, 15: 3135-3170.
  20. Galeotti, N., Maidecchi, A., Mattoli, L., Burico, M. and Ghelardini, C. 2014. St. John's Wort seed and feverfew flower extracts relieve painful diabetic neuropathy in a rat model of diabetes. Fitoterapia, 92:23-33, DOI: 10.1016/ j.fitote.2013.10.003.
  21. Ghahraman, A. 1979. Iran Flora. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute publication, Tehran, Iran.
  22. Gholipour, M., Tablizi, A. and Kazamnejad, A. 2014. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in students and its relationship with obesity indices. Irania journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 12 (4): 324-334.
  23. Gonzalez-Abuin, N., Binent, M. and Casanova-Marti, A. 2015.  Procyanidins and their healthy protective effects against type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Chem, 22 (1): 39–50.
  24. Grover, J. K., Vats, V. and Rathi, S.  2000. Antihyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 73: 461-470.
  25. Guo Y., Fu, W., Xin, Y., Jinlei, B., Huifang, P., Liujun, F., Jie, L., Liping, L., Yujin, M. and Hongwei, J. 2018. Antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of Artemether in db/db Mice. BioMed Research International, Article ID 8639523, https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2018/ 8639523.
  26. Hasanein, P. and Shahidi, S. 2011. Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. PhytotherapyResearch,25 (4): 544-9.
  27. Heinrich, M., Kufer, J. and Leonti, M. 2006. Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology Interdisciplinary links with the historical sciences. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 107: 157-60.
  28. Hojjati, F., Sereshti, H. and Hojjati, M. 2019. Leaf essential oils and their application in systematics of Juniperus excelsa complex in Iran. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 84: 29-34.
  29. Hosseini, S.E., Tavakoli, F. and Karami, M. 2014. Medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Clinical Excellence Journal, 2 (2): 69-84.
  30. Huang, S.T. and Chen, A.P. 2008. Traditional chinese medicine and infertility. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 20: 211-215.
  31. Itelima, J.U. 2017. Phytochemical, antimicrobial and anti-diabetic properties of Artemisia annua L. (Sage Wort) and Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. (Blue Coleus). Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials, 7:43.
  32. Jamshidi, A. 2004. Investigating the effect of agricultural operations (water quality) in land degradation. MSc thesis of Tehran University, 55p.
  33. Johnson, M.H., de Mejia, E.G. and Fan, J. 2013. Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins from blueberry-blackberry fermented beverages. Mol Nutr Food Res. 57 (7):1182-1197.
  34. Joseph, B. and Jini, D. 2013. Anti-diabetic effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 32: 93-102.
  35. Kadir, M.F., Bin Sayeed, M.S., Shams, T. and Mia, M. 2012. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshi traditional health practitioners in the management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 144: 605-611.
  36. Katiri, A., Barkaoui, M., Msanda, F. and Boubaker, H. 2017. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of Diabetes in the Tizi n’ Test Region (Taroudant Province, Morocco). Journal of Pharmacogn Nat. Prod, 3: 130. DOI:10.4172/2472-0992.1000130.
  37. Kaur, C. and Kapoor, H.C. 2002. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Asian vegetables. International Journal of Food Science, 37: 153-161.
  38. Keshvari, M.,  Rahmati, M., Rahim, A., Mirnasouria, F.  and Chehelcheraghi, B. 2020. Effects of endurance exercise and Urtica dioica on the functional, histological and molecular aspects of the hippocampus in STZ-Induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 256:112801.
  39. Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., Ahvazi, M., Ebrahimzadeh, H. and Rahimifard, N. 2013. Investigating chemical composition of essential oil and anti-oxidants effects, total phenols and flavonoids of Nepeta pogonosperma. Medicinal plants Journal, 12 (4): 185-198.
  40. Kianbakht, S., Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F. and Hashem Dabaghian, F. 2013. Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. PupMed, 59 (9-10):1071-6, doi: 10.7754/clin.lab.2012.121019.
  41. Kopjar, M., Tadić, M. and Piližota, V. 2015. Phenol content and antioxidant activity of green, yellow and black tea leaves. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 2 (1): 1–6.
  42. Liu, W., Mao, Y. and Schoenborn, J. 2019. Whole blueberry protects pancreatic beta-cells in d Lutgen, I. 2016.  Are Artemisias the only plants containing arachidonic acid Malaria world; https://malariaworld.org/blog/are-artemisias-only-plants-containing-arachidonic-acidiet-induced obese mouse. Nutr Metab, 16:34.
  43. Mazandarani, M., Beik Mohammadi, M. and Bayat, H. 2009. Ethnopharmacology and investigation of mast important Secondary effective ingredients of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel in natural habitats in Golestan province and northern Khorasan. Journal of plant environmental physiology, 4(4): 69-77. (In Persian).
  44. Mittal, A. and Sachan, S. 2017. Anti-diabetic activity of Cuscuta reflexa. International Journal of Pharma and Chemical Research, 3 (3): 572-576.
  45. Mojab, F., Nickavar, B. and Hooshdar Tehrani, H. 2009. Essential oil analysis of Nepeta crispa and N. menthoides from Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmacuitical sciences, 5 (1): 43-46.
  46. Mosaddegh, M., Naghibi, F. and Moazzeni, H. 2012. Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 141: 80-95.
  47. Mostofa, R., Begum, R., Wang, H., Begum, Mst. Marium., Karim, R., Begum,T., Alam Siddiquee, Nur., Sultana, R., Sultana,S., Lutful Kabir, A. K., Alam, S. and Tasnim Nova, T. 2020. Promising anitidiabetic potential of Cuscuta reflexa leaves methanol extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Clinical Phytoscience, 2020: 6-26. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s40816-020-00169-w.
  48. Mozaffarian, V.A. 2005. Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Contemporary Culture Publications, Tehran, Iran.
  49. Munyangi, J., Cornet-Vernet, L. and Idumbo, M. 2019. Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions vs artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ) in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a large scale, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine, 57:49–56.
  50. Nagarajan, S., Jain, H. C. and Aulakh, G. S. 1987. Indigenous plants used in the control of diabetes. Publication and Information Directorate, C.S.I.R., New Delhi, India, 588 p.
  51. Nieto-Trujillo, A., Buendıa-Gonzalez, L., Garcıa-Morales, C., Roman-Guerrero, A., Cruz-Sosa, F. and Estrada-Zuniga, M. E. 2017. Phenolic compounds and parthenolide production from in vitro cultures of Tanacetum parthenium. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 16 (2): 371.
  52. Nishimura, M., Ohkawara, T., Kanayama, T., Kitagawa, K., Nishimura, H. and Nishihira, J. 2015. Effects of the extract from roasted chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root containing inulin-type fructans on blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and fecal properties. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(3): 161-167.
  53. Otles, S. and Yalcin, B. 2012. Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk, and leaves of nettle. The Scientific World Journal, (3): 564367.
  54. Park, K.J. 2003. Evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity in methanol extracts against influenza virus type A from Korean medicinal plants. Phytother Research, 17:1059-1063.
  55. Perveen, S., Shahbaz, M., Guergachi, A. and Keshavjee, K. 2016. Performance analysis of data mining classification techniques to predict diabetes. Procedia Comput. Science, 82:115–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.016.
  56. Popova, M., Bankova, V., Butovska, D., Petkov, V., Damyanova, B. N., Sabatini, A. G., Marcazzan, G. L. and Bogdanov, S. 2004. Validated methods for the quantification of biologically active constituents of poplar-type propolis. Phytochemical Analysis, 15: 235-240. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/ pca.777
  57. Rashidi, A.A., Mirhashemi, M.S., Taghizade, M. and Sarkhail, P. 2013. Iranian medicinal plants for Diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 16: 401-411.
  58. Rath, D., Madhab Kar, D., Kumar Panigrahi, S. and Maharana, L. 2016. Antidiabetic effects of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. In streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.PubMed, 192:442-449. Doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.026.
  59. Rehman, N.U., Hussain, J., Ali, S., Hussain, H., Abbas, G., Bakht, N. and Al-Harrasi, A. 2020. Chemical constituents of the essential oil of Nepeta distans. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 56(1): 159-160.‏
  60. Reza, M.V. 2006. A role for physicians in ethnopharmacology and drug discovery. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 104 (3): 297-301, DOI:10.1016/j.jep. 2006.01.007.
  61. Rizzo, P., Altschmied, L., Ravindran, B.M., Rutten, T. and Auria, J.C.D. 2020. The biochemical and genetic basis for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in Hypericum perforatum L., One of the Largest Medicinal Crops in Europe. Genes Journal, 11(10), 1210, https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11101210.
  62. Roth, D., Kar, D.M., Panigrahi, S.K. and Maharana, L. 2016. Antidiabetic effects of Cusuta reflexa Roxb in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 4 (192): 442-449.
  63. Rechinger K.H. 1963-2003. Flora Iranica. (No. I-168) Akademische Drucku, Verlagsanstalt. Graz- Austria.
  64. Rostaefar, A., Hassani, A. and Sefidkon, F. 2017.  Seasonal variations of essential oil content and composition in male and female plants of Juniperus communis L. ssp. hemisphaerica growing wild in Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 29: 357-360.
  65. Saadi, B., Msanda, F. and Boubaker, H. 2013. Contributions of folk medicine knowledge in southwestern Morocco: The case of rural communities of Immouzzer Ida OuTanane Region.
  66. International Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 135-145.
  67. Saber-Amoli, S., Mehrabani, M., Asadpour, A. and Moshefi, M.H. 2011. Investigation of essential oil components and flavonoids of Nepeta depauperata Benth. Medicinal plants conference, Sari, Iran, COI code: HERBAL01_906.
  68. Saboora, A., Dadmehr, K. and Ranjbar, M. 2013. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and investigation on antioxidant properties of stem and leaf extracts in six Iranian species of wild Dianthus L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29 (2): 281-295.
  69. Sagiroglu, M., Dalgic, S. and Toksoy, S. 2013. Medicinal plants used in Dalaman (Muğla), Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 7 (28): 2053-2066.
  70. Salehi, B., Valussi, M., Jugran, A.K., Martorell, M., Ramírez-Alarcón, K., Stojanović-Radić, Z.Z., Antolak, H., Kręgiel, D., Mileski, K.S., Sharifi-Rad, M., Setzer, W.N., Cádiz-Gurrea, M.d.l.L., Segura-Carretero, A., Şener, B. and Sharifi-Rad, J. 2018. Nepeta species: From farm to food applications and phytotherapy. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 80: 104-122.
  71. Samsam-Shariat, S.H. 2009. Extraction and extraction of active ingredients of medicinal plants, Mani publication, 258 p.
  72. Sarikurkcu, C., Eskici, M., Karanfil, A. and Tepe, B. 2019. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of two endemic Nepeta species: Nepeta nuda subsp. glandulifera and N. cadmea. South African Journal of Botany, 120: 298-301.‏
  73. Sarikurk,C., Eskici, M., Karanfil, A. and Tepe, B. 2019. Phenolic profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of two endemic Nepeta species: Nepeta nuda subsp. glandulifera and N. cadmea. South African Journal of Botany, 120: 298-301.
  74. Sefidkon, F., Jamzad, Z. and Mirza, M. 2006. Chemical composition of the essential oil of five Iranian Nepeta species (N. crispa, N. mahanensis, N. ispahanica, N. eremophila and N. rivularis). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21: 764-767.
  75. Shahhoseini, R., Azizi, M. Asili, J., Moshtaghi, N. and Samiei, L. 2019. Comprehensive assessment of phytochemical potential of Tanacetum parthenium (L.): Phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, essential oil and parthenolide. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22 (3): 614-629.
  76. Sharifi Rad, M. 2017. Chemical composition and functional properties of essential oils from Nepeta Schiraziana Boiss. FARMACIA, 65 (5): 802-812.
  77. Sharma, A.N., Elased, K.M. and Lucot, J.B. 2012. Rosiglitazone treatment reversed depression- but not psychosis-like behavior of db/db diabetic mice. Journal of Psychopharmacol, 26:724–732.
  78. Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A. and Zimmet, P. Z. 2010. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 87 (1):4-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007.
  79. Sita Sharan, P. and Malairaman, U. 2014. Urtica dioica extract attenuates depressive like behavior and associative memory dysfunction in dexamethasone induced diabetic mice. DOI 10.1007/s11011-014-9480-0.
  80.  Skowyra, M., Gallego, M.G., Segovia, F. and  Almajano, M.P. 2014. Antioxidant properties of Artemisia annua extracts in model food emulsions.Antioxidants, 3 (1): 116–128.
  81. Smith,  J.,  Halvorson,  J.  and  Bolton,  H. 2002. Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in semi arid environment. Journal of  Soil  Biology and Biochemistry, 34:11, (11): 1749-1757.
  82. Sonboli, A., Salehi, P. and Yousefzadi, M. 2014. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Nepeta crispa Willd. from Iran.- Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 59 (9-10): 653-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-9-1008
  83. StoIlova, I. S., Wanner, J., JIrovetz, l., trIfonova, D., KraStev, l., Stoyanova, a. S. and KraStanov, a.I. 2014. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20 (2): 227-237.
  84. Talebi, S.M., Nohooji, M.G. and Yarmohammadi, M. 2020. Essential oil analysis of eight Nepeta taxa in Iran. Mediterranean Botany, 41(1): 43-53.‏
  85. Talebi, S.M., Nohooji, M.G., Yarmohammadi, M., Khani, M. and Matsyura, A. 2019. Effect of altitude on essential oil composition and on glandular trichome density in three Nepeta species (N. sessilifolia, N. heliotropifolia and N. fissa). Mediterranean Botany, 40(1): 81-93.‏
  86. Van der Meulen, T., Sharon, L. and Noordeloos, E. 2018. Artemether Does not turn alpha cells into beta cells. Cell Metabolism. 27 (1): 218-225.
  87. Toosi, A. Sh., Tehranipour, M. and Rassoli, B.M. 2017. Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Proveskia abrotanoides on blood glucose and liver enzymes level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Gorgan University Medicinal Science, 19 (3) :15-23.
  88. Upadhyay, P.B., Roy, S. and Kuma, A. 2007. Traditional uses of medicinal plants among the rural communities of Churu district in the Thar Desert, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113: 387-399.
  89. Wadkar, A.K., Magdum, C.S., Patil, S.S. and Naikwade, S.N. 2008. Anti-diabetic potential and Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology, 2: 45-50.
  90. Hwan Hwang, S., Kim, H., Guillen Quispe, Y.N., Wang, Z., Zuo, G. and Lim, S.S. 2019. Aldose reductase, protein glycation inhibitory and antioxidant of Peruvian medicinal plants: The Case of Tanacetum parthenium L. and Its Constituents. MDPI Molecules Journal, 24(10): 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390 /molecules24102010.
  91. WHO. 2017. The world health report 2017-reduce risk Geneva. World Health Organization, Availablefrom: http:// www.who.int/whr/2017/en/.
  92. Wild, S., Rolglic, G., Green, A., Sicress, R. and King, H. 2004. Global prevalence of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27: 1047-1053.
  93. Yadollah-Damavandi, S., Chavoshi-Nejad, M., Jangholi, E., Nekouyian, N., Hosseini, S., Seifaee, A., Rafiee, S., Karimi, H., Ashkani-Esfahani, S., Parsa, Y. and Mohsenikia, M. 2015. Topical Hypericum perforatum Improves Tissue Regeneration in Full-Thickness Excisional Wounds in Diabetic Rat Model. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, ID 245328: 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/245328.  
  94. Zali, S.H. and Amiri, M. 2011. A review on medicinal plants using for curing Diabetes. National conference on medicinal plants, Sari, Iran. COI: HERBAL01_1185.
  95. Ziaei, R., Foshati, S., Hadi, A., Hojjat-Kermani, M.A., Ghavami, A., Clark, C.T. and Tarrahi, M.J. 2020. The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, 34(2):282-294. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6535.
  96. Zoair, M.A., Mohammad Khattab, A., Abou Aouf, N. and G.E.Helal, E. 2014. Anti-diabetic effect of Artemisia annua (Kaysom) In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 57: 422-430
  97. Žugić, A., Dordević, S., Arsić, I., Marković, G., Živković, J., Jovanović, S. and Tadić, V. 2014. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 10 selected herbs from Vrujci Spa, Serbia. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 519–527.

 

 

فایل ها

اشتراک گذاری

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار